Losing Ground: Income and Poverty in Upstate New York, 1980-2000

Over the past several decades, Upstate New York has transitioned from a stable middle-income region to one with serious income and economic problems. In 1969, per capita personal income (PCPI) in Upstate exceeded that of the United States, but by 2000, it trailed the national average by 11 percent. These lagging incomes likely contribute to the substantial out-migration of mobile residents from the area—especially in the mid-1990s—which in turn is threatening economic growth. At the same time, many of those who stay increasingly lack the resources to pay for goods and services that other U.S. residents enjoy, further exacerbating economic stagnation in the region. Both of these trends—population decline and economic malaise—are the subjects of other recent reports in this series

Transition and Renewal: The Emergence of a Diverse Upstate Economy

During the 1900s, the U.S. transitioned from an economy based largely on manufacturing to one in which almost all jobs are in services. This transition has rearranged the economic fortunes of regions throughout the nation: Locations in the Sunbelt and on both coasts prospered in the 1970s as traditional manufacturing centers in the Midwest declined. But such “rust belt” states as Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan rebounded in the late 1980s and early 1990s as the hemorrhage of manufacturing jobs abated and service-sector and finance jobs surged. While their recovery has not returned these states to the preeminence they enjoyed in the 1960s, it has disproved many forecasts of inevitable decline for the nation’s industrial heartland

NET WORKING: Work Patterns and Workforce Policies for the New Media Industry

This report, based on a study of a group of highly accomplished professionals in New York City, is one of the first to take up labor market issues in the new media industry. It describes the challenges faced by professionals and employers alike in this important and dynamic sector, and identifies strategies for success in a project oriented environment with highly complex skill demands and rapidly changing technology. Our findings suggest three central issues

Estimating the Job Impact of Public Investment in Bio-fuel Plants

CaRDI Research & Policy Brief Issue 33; Community & Energy: Economics of Energy; Community & Energy: Renewable Energy Sources & Sustainabilit

Long Term Vacancy and Residential Abandonment in Minneapolis.

Supported by the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota

Power in Firm Networks: What it Means for Regional Innovation Systems

The role of power within regional firm networks is noted in empirical studies but insufficiently theorized. We suggest that network functioning is conflictual and that more powerful network members, particularly transnational corporations (TNCs), leverage regional resources to advance their sustainable competitive advantage. The agendas and power exercised by TNCs within regionalized firm networks have significant implications for regional policy and the uneven allocation of resources and capacities within and among regions. Our findings indicate that transnational firm access to resources critical to innovation, including university research and skilled labor, negatively affects the potential for innovation by small and medium-size firms

アメリカのサービス化経済におけるフレキシビリティと新たな空間的分業の出現 (翻訳 特集:ジェンダー地理学(3))

金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系[翻訳]Christopherson, Susan [著]/ 神谷,浩夫 [訳] Flexibility in the US service economy and the emerging spatial division of labour. Transactions Institute of British Geographers NS, 14, 1989, pp.131-143. © 2000 Institute of British Geographers and Rroyal Geographical Societ

Validation of a clinical-grade assay to measure donor-derived cell-free DNA in solid organ transplant recipients

[Abstract] The use of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker in transplant recipients offers advantages over invasive tissue biopsy as a quantitative measure for detection of transplant rejection and immunosuppression optimization. However, the fraction of donor-derived cfDNA (dd-cfDNA) in transplant recipient plasma is low and challenging to quantify. Previously reported methods to measure dd-cfDNA require donor and recipient genotyping, which is impractical in clinical settings and adds cost. We developed a targeted next-generation sequencing assay that uses 266 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to accurately quantify dd-cfDNA in transplant recipients without separate genotyping. Analytical performance of the assay was characterized and validated using 1117 samples comprising the National Institute for Standards and Technology Genome in a Bottle human reference genome, independently validated reference materials, and clinical samples. The assay quantifies the fraction of dd-cfDNA in both unrelated and related donor-recipient pairs. The dd-cfDNA assay can reliably measure dd-cfDNA (limit of blank, 0.10%; limit of detection, 0.16%; limit of quantification, 0.20%) across the linear quantifiable range (0.2% to 16%) with across-run CVs of 6.8%. Precision was also evaluated for independently processed clinical sample replicates and is similar to across-run precision. Application of the assay to clinical samples from heart transplant recipients demonstrated increased levels of dd-cfDNA in patients with biopsy-confirmed rejection and decreased levels of dd-cfDNA after successful rejection treatment. This noninvasive clinical-grade sequencing assay can be completed within 3 days, providing the practical turnaround time preferred for transplanted organ surveillance